Chivalry and the Rise of Military Aristocracy
Over time, chivalry changed from an institution meant to protect the weak into a system that often oppressed ordinary people. Initially designed to defend...
The Dark Side of Chivalry
While chivalry is often remembered for its bright displays of armor, tournaments, and noble deeds, its darker aspects cannot be ignored. The reality of...
Chivalry and Religion
In many histories of chivalry, the role of knights as defenders of the Christian religion is praised as one of the institution’s greatest achievements....
The Bazaars of Stamboul A Truly Turkish Experience
One of the most fascinating places in Constantinople (now Istanbul) is the bazaars of Stamboul, the old city. These marketplaces are uniquely Turkish and...
The Guilds of Constantinople A Living Tradition
In Constantinople (now Istanbul), many tradesmen and craftsmen still belong to traditional guilds. These guilds were once common all over Europe but disappeared in...
The Historic Khans of Constantinople
In old Constantinople (now Istanbul), there were around 180 khans — large, stone buildings designed to house traveling merchants. These structures are usually two...
